The Efflux of Substances from Frog Ventricles to Sucrose and to Ringer's Solutions

The frog ventricle in sucrose solution contracts for several hours at 25 degrees C, and for as long as 24 hours at 5 degrees G. The possibility that a fraction of the extracellular fluid remains outside of the excitable membrane was examined by measuring the efflux of tracers. The half-time for the efflux to sucrose solution at 25 degrees C of C(14) sucrose is about 1 minute, for Na(24) is 6.5 minutes, and for Cl(86) is 4 minutes. There is no evidence for the retention of an extracellular Na fraction. The Q(10) for Na and Cl efflux is about 1.3. The half-time for K(42) efflux is about 180 minutes; the Q(10) is 1.7. The efflux rates of Na(24), Cl(36) and K(42) to sucrose and to Ringer's solutions are quite similar. Ca(45) efflux is only one-fifth as fast to sucrose solution as to Ringer's; the retention of Ca(++) may be important for maintaining excitability in sucrose solution. P(32) efflux is five times faster to sucrose solution than to Ringer's solution, and there is a similar increase in the rate of inosine loss to sucrose solution. The Q(10) for efflux to sucrose solution is 2.2 for P(32)O(4) and 2.4 for inosine. We suggest that energy metabolism is abnormal in ventricles in sucrose solution and that low temperature prolongs excitability by slowing the metabolic change.